Nano-electronic Realizations of Quantum Bits

Quantum computers could perform certain tasks which no classical computer can perform in acceptable times. Josephson junction circuits can serve as building blocks of quantum computers. We discuss and compare two designs, which employ charge or magnetic ux degrees of freedom to process quantum information. In both cases, elementary single-qubit and two-qubit logic gates can be performed by voltage or ux pulses. The coherence time is long enough to allow a series of such operations. We also discuss the read-out, i.e. a quantum measurement process. In the charge case it is accomplished by coupling a single-electron transistor to the qubit.